{ "total": 75, "limit": 50, "offset": 0, "records": [ { "fields": { "announced": "2023-09", "content_type": "mixed", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Adobe", "licensor": "Adobe Stock contributors", "note": "First-party, not a third-party licence: Adobe trains Firefly on its own Adobe Stock library and pays contributors a discretionary annual 'Firefly Contributor Bonus'. Weighted by number of licensed assets, not by training influence. 2025 bonus paid 2025-09-17 covering content considered for training 2024-06-03 to 2025-06-02. Adobe has never published a total pool size or per-asset rate. Included be", "orgs": [ "Adobe Stock contributors", "Adobe" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: not mentioned in any filing checked. Filings read: Adobe Inc. EDGAR full-text search all forms all years to 2026-09-18. Adobe pays its own contributors and has never sized the pool in a filing, consistent with the registry's undisclosed value. The only source remains Adobe's help-centre FAQ.", "term": "annual, recurring since 2023", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from efts.sec.gov: Adobe pays its own contributors and has never sized the pool in a filing, consistent with the registry's undisclosed value. The only source remains Adobe's help-centre FAQ.", "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/stock/contributor/help/firefly-faq-for-adobe-stock-contributors.html", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (discretionary annual bonus, per-contributor amounts not published)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:adobe-stock-contributors-adobe", "name": "Adobe Stock contributors licensed to Adobe", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "month", "_org_roles": { "Adobe": [ "licensee" ], "Adobe Stock contributors": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "efts.sec.gov", "helpx.adobe.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://helpx.adobe.com/stock/contributor/help/firefly-faq-for-adobe-stock-contributors.html", "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22contributor+bonus%22&forms=10-K,10-Q,8-K,20-F,6-K,40-F&ciks=0000796343" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/stock/contributor/help/firefly-faq-for-adobe-stock-contributors.html" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-01-16", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Mistral AI", "licensor": "Agence France-Presse", "note": "Gives Mistral's Le Chat access to roughly 2,300 AFP stories per day across six languages. First major European-to-European news/AI licence. Terms undisclosed.", "orgs": [ "Agence France-Presse", "Mistral AI" ], "status": "active", "term": "multi-year (length not stated)", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:agence-france-presse-mistral-ai", "name": "Agence France-Presse licensed to Mistral AI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Agence France-Presse": [ "licensor" ], "Mistral AI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-01-16", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Google", "licensor": "Associated Press", "note": "Real-time AP news feed surfaced in the Gemini assistant. Terms undisclosed. Framed as a retrieval/freshness deal rather than a training-corpus deal; training scope not stated, so covers_training is null.", "orgs": [ "Associated Press", "Google" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: no party files with a securities regulator. Filings read: Alphabet Inc. EDGAR full-text search 10-K/10-Q/8-K 2023-01-01 to 2026-09-18. The licensor, the Associated Press, is a non-stock member cooperative and files no SEC reports; its licensee Alphabet never names it. No party-side figure exists to find.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from efts.sec.gov: The licensor, the Associated Press, is a non-stock member cooperative and files no SEC reports; its licensee Alphabet never names it. No party-side figure exists to find.", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:associated-press-google", "name": "Associated Press licensed to Google", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Associated Press": [ "licensor" ], "Google": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "efts.sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22Associated+Press%22&forms=10-K,10-Q,8-K&ciks=0001652044" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-11-01", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Microsoft", "licensor": "Associated Press", "note": "Structurally different from the 2023-2024 lump-sum era: Microsoft's Publisher Content Marketplace pays per use rather than a fixed annual fee, so there is no headline number to report and probably never will be. People Inc. signed the same style of deal on 2025-11-04 and USA Today Co. on 2025-10-30.", "orgs": [ "Associated Press", "Microsoft" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: no party files with a securities regulator. Filings read: Microsoft Corporation EDGAR full-text search 10-K/10-Q/8-K 2023-01-01 to 2026-09-18. Licensor is not an SEC filer; the listed licensee never names it. The pay-per-use structure in the registry comes from the parties' own announcement, not a filing.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from efts.sec.gov: Licensor is not an SEC filer; the listed licensee never names it. The pay-per-use structure in the registry comes from the parties' own announcement, not a filing.", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (pay-per-use model)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:associated-press-microsoft", "name": "Associated Press licensed to Microsoft", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Associated Press": [ "licensor" ], "Microsoft": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "efts.sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22Associated+Press%22&forms=10-K,10-Q,8-K&ciks=0000789019", "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2023-07-13", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Associated Press", "note": "First major publisher licence to a large AI developer. Covers part of AP's text archive back to 1985; AP received access to OpenAI technology and product expertise. Financial details explicitly not disclosed by either party. Secondary reporting described a two-year non-exclusive training licence and a 'first-mover' clause letting AP reopen terms if a later publisher got better ones, but I could no", "orgs": [ "Associated Press", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.silicon.co.uk/e-innovation/artificial-intelligence/openai-ap-archive-520593", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:associated-press-openai", "name": "Associated Press licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Associated Press": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "public", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-corroborate", "source_hosts": [ "ap.org", "silicon.co.uk" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.silicon.co.uk/e-innovation/artificial-intelligence/openai-ap-archive-520593", "https://www.ap.org/media-center/press-releases/2023/ap-open-ai-agree-to-share-select-news-content-and-technology-in-new-collaboration" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.silicon.co.uk/e-innovation/artificial-intelligence/openai-ap-archive-520593" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-05-29", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "The Atlantic", "note": "Genuinely undisclosed. Announcement framed around product feedback on news experiences in OpenAI products plus an experimental Atlantic Labs site. The announcement did not spell out whether archive content may be used for model pre-training, so covers_training is null rather than true.", "orgs": [ "The Atlantic", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:atlantic-openai", "name": "The Atlantic licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ], "The Atlantic": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-02-27", "content_type": "mixed", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI and Midjourney", "licensor": "Automattic", "note": "UNCONFIRMED BY THE PARTIES. 404 Media reported, from internal documents, that deals with OpenAI and Midjourney were 'imminent'. Automattic responded by announcing user opt-outs and blocking AI crawlers by default rather than confirming or denying the deals. Reporting also found the initial Tumblr data dump (public posts 2014-2023) over-collected content that should have been excluded, including pr", "orgs": [ "Automattic", "OpenAI and Midjourney" ], "status": "reported", "url": "https://www.404media.co/tumblr-and-wordpress-to-sell-users-data-to-train-ai-tools", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:automattic-openai-and-midjourney", "name": "Automattic licensed to OpenAI and Midjourney", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Automattic": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI and Midjourney": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "404media.co" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.404media.co/tumblr-and-wordpress-to-sell-users-data-to-train-ai-tools" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "low", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "D", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.404media.co/tumblr-and-wordpress-to-sell-users-data-to-train-ai-tools" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2023-12-13", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Axel Springer", "note": "Companies did not disclose terms on 2023-12-13; the FT put a 'tens of millions of euros a year' range on it on 2023-12-19. Structure reported as a one-time payment for the historical archive plus recurring licensing revenue for current content shown in ChatGPT, with extra revenue for high-traffic content. Explicitly non-exclusive: Axel Springer retained the right to license to other AI platforms.", "orgs": [ "Axel Springer", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "term": "unknown (multi-year)", "url": "https://the-decoder.com/axel-springer-and-openai-license-agreement-is-worth-tens-of-millions-of-euros-per-year", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": "per-year", "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (Financial Times reported 'tens of millions of euros' per year)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:axel-springer-openai", "name": "Axel Springer licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Axel Springer": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "public", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-corroborate", "source_hosts": [ "openai.com", "the-decoder.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://openai.com/index/axel-springer-partnership", "https://the-decoder.com/axel-springer-and-openai-license-agreement-is-worth-tens-of-millions-of-euros-per-year" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://the-decoder.com/axel-springer-and-openai-license-agreement-is-worth-tens-of-millions-of-euros-per-year" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-01-15", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Axios", "note": "Unusual structure: OpenAI money is earmarked to fund four new Axios local newsrooms, rather than being a pure content fee. Term stated as three years. Value undisclosed. Also includes Axios access to OpenAI enterprise technology.", "orgs": [ "Axios", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "term": "3 years", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:axios-openai", "name": "Axios licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Axios": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-09-08", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "licensee": "Suno", "licensor": "Believe", "note": "Licensing agreement with the distributor Believe (and TuneCore) announced 2026-09-08, one day before Suno's V6 launch trained on licensed partners' catalogues. Believe CEO Denis Ladegaillerie says no Believe/TuneCore music enters any AI training corpus without the artist's opt-in: 'The artist must consent first, period.' No fee disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Believe", "Suno" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/believe-and-tunecore-suno-consent", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:believe-suno", "name": "Believe licensed to Suno", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Believe": [ "licensor" ], "Suno": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "musicbusinessworldwide.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/believe-and-tunecore-suno-consent" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/believe-and-tunecore-suno-consent" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-08-12", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "licensee": "Suno", "licensor": "BMG", "note": "Global alliance covering BMG recorded music and publishing repertoire for artists and songwriters who opt in, and settling Suno's prior use of BMG recordings and works. Feeds Suno's licensed V6 models; all prior Suno models retired. Both sources are MBW, so this is one outlet, not independent corroboration. No fee disclosed.", "orgs": [ "BMG", "Suno" ], "status": "settlement", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/5-things-to-know-about-sunos-bmg-licensing-deal-download-caps-watermarks-and-more", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:bmg-suno", "name": "BMG licensed to Suno", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "BMG": [ "licensor" ], "Suno": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "musicbusinessworldwide.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/5-things-to-know-about-sunos-bmg-licensing-deal-download-caps-watermarks-and-more", "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/believe-and-tunecore-suno-consent" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/5-things-to-know-about-sunos-bmg-licensing-deal-download-caps-watermarks-and-more" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-07-15", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Amazon", "licensor": "Conde Nast and Hearst", "note": "Two separate licensors reported together on the same date; recorded as one record because the reporting does not separate terms. Content feeds Amazon's Rufus shopping assistant, which is a commerce-surface use rather than a general chatbot. Terms undisclosed.", "orgs": [ "Conde Nast and Hearst", "Amazon" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: no party files with a securities regulator. Filings read: Amazon.com, Inc. EDGAR full-text search 10-K/10-Q/8-K 2024-01-01 to 2026-09-18. Both licensors (Advance's Conde Nast and Hearst) are privately held and file nothing; the one listed party, Amazon, never names them.", "term": "multi-year (length not stated)", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from efts.sec.gov: Both licensors (Advance's Conde Nast and Hearst) are privately held and file nothing; the one listed party, Amazon, never names them.", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:conde-nast-and-hearst-amazon", "name": "Conde Nast and Hearst licensed to Amazon", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Amazon": [ "licensee" ], "Conde Nast and Hearst": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "efts.sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22Conde+Nast%22&forms=10-K,10-Q,8-K&ciks=0001018724" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-08-20", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Conde Nast", "note": "Covers Vogue, The New Yorker, Wired, Vanity Fair, GQ, Architectural Digest, Conde Nast Traveler, Bon Appetit for ChatGPT and SearchGPT. Financial terms not disclosed. CNBC and Axios reported the deal also permits use of the content to help train OpenAI models, but that is not in the source I read, so covers_training is left null rather than asserted.", "orgs": [ "Conde Nast", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "term": "multi-year (length not stated)", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:conde-nast-openai", "name": "Conde Nast licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Conde Nast": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "pressgazette.co.uk" ], "source_urls": [ "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-05-07", "content_type": "mixed", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Dotdash Meredith", "note": "One of the very few publisher deals with a value derived from a public financial filing rather than an anonymous leak. Adweek read ~$16M out of IAC disclosures around its 2024-11-19 earnings; that is the FIXED component only, and a variable component is recognised later, so actual payments are higher. Covers 40+ lifestyle brands including People, Investopedia, Food & Wine, Better Homes and Gardens", "orgs": [ "Dotdash Meredith", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "IAC's own filings confirm the OpenAI partnership drove licensing revenue but report it only in aggregate with Apple News+. The ~$16M per year is Adweek's arithmetic; other outlets relay Adweek rather than reporting it independently.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: figure is derived by a journalist, not disclosed", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/ai/openai-will-pay-dotdash-meredith-at-least-16-million-per-year-to-license-its-content-191756662.html", "value_confirmed_by": "press only", "value_usd": { "availability": "listed", "basis": "per-year", "currency": "USD", "kind": "floor", "max": null, "min": 16000000, "note": null, "raw": "at least ~$16M per year (fixed component only)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:dotdash-meredith-openai", "name": "Dotdash Meredith licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Dotdash Meredith": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "engadget.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.engadget.com/ai/openai-will-pay-dotdash-meredith-at-least-16-million-per-year-to-license-its-content-191756662.html", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1800227/000180022724000046/iaci-20240930.htm" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/ai/openai-will-pay-dotdash-meredith-at-least-16-million-per-year-to-license-its-content-191756662.html" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2023-09-07", "content_type": "images", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Bria AI", "licensor": "Envato", "note": "Envato supplied photos, stills extracted from stock video, and graphics from Envato Elements for Bria's visual foundation models. Authors are paid proportionately only when their items contribute to monetised generated content; no guaranteed minimum, no opt-out mechanism described, no dollar figures, and no stated timeline for when royalties begin.", "orgs": [ "Envato", "Bria AI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: not mentioned in any filing checked. Filings read: Shutterstock, Inc. (acquired Envato in July 2024) EDGAR full-text search 10-K/10-Q/8-K 2024-01-01 to 2026-09-18. Envato was private when the deal was struck (2023) and is now inside Shutterstock, whose filings never mention Bria. The author revenue share rate remains unpublished.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from efts.sec.gov: Envato was private when the deal was struck (2023) and is now inside Shutterstock, whose filings never mention Bria. The author revenue share rate remains unpublished.", "url": "https://author.envato.com/hub/envato-partners-with-bria-ai", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (author revenue share, paid as 'Other Royalties')" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:envato-bria-ai", "name": "Envato licensed to Bria AI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Bria AI": [ "licensee" ], "Envato": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "author.envato.com", "efts.sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://author.envato.com/hub/envato-partners-with-bria-ai", "https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22Bria%22&forms=10-K,10-Q,8-K&ciks=0001549346" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://author.envato.com/hub/envato-partners-with-bria-ai" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-04-29", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Financial Times", "note": "OpenAI and the FT both declined to answer questions about terms. The only figure in circulation is a $5M-$10M per year estimate that Digiday attributes to the WSJ; I could not verify it against the WSJ directly, so value_usd stays 'undisclosed' and conflict is flagged. Grants OpenAI access to the FT archive including content behind standard and premium paywalls for model training, plus attributed", "orgs": [ "Financial Times", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies", "value_conflict": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies/ says Digiday's 2024 timeline attributes an estimate of $5M to $10M annually to a Wall Street Journal report.", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:financial-times-openai", "name": "Financial Times licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Financial Times": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "conflicted", "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-12-05", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Future plc", "note": "Useful negative data point on deal size: a listed publisher characterised its OpenAI payment as not financially material, implying a small sum relative to Future's revenue. Covers Tom's Guide, PC Gamer, TechRadar, Marie Claire and other Future brands, with attribution and links. Future also uses OpenAI tools internally for sales, marketing and editorial.", "orgs": [ "Future plc", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed (checked 2026-09-17). Future's FY2025 full-year results presentation (2025-12-04) discusses LLM visibility and AI strategy but contains no OpenAI figure, consistent with the earlier statement that the deal is not financially material.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from futureplc.com: no party figure", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (Future told investors it was 'not financially material')" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:future-openai", "name": "Future plc licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Future plc": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "futureplc.com", "pressgazette.co.uk" ], "source_urls": [ "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google", "https://futureplc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/FINAL-FY-2025-results-for-upload.pdf" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024", "content_type": "images", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Bria AI", "licensor": "Getty Images", "note": "Bria says it has 30+ data partners including Getty Images, Envato, Alamy, Freepik and Depositphotos, and splits platform revenue roughly evenly with data owners using a patented attribution engine that maps outputs back to influencing training data. The 50/50 split is Bria's own public description of its model, not a disclosed Getty contract term. No dollar value. Exact signing date not published.", "orgs": [ "Getty Images", "Bria AI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed in every primary filing checked (2026-09-17). Checked: Getty Images 10-K FY2023, FY2024 and FY2025. FY2024 names Bria AI only as a generative AI partner, with no amount. Data licensing sits inside Other revenue ($17.2M 2023, $40.5M 2024, increase of $23.4M 'primarily driven by data access and licensing agreements'), not broken out by partner.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: no party filing states a per-licensee figure", "url": "https://digiday.com/media-buying/startup-debuts-new-ai-models-trained-on-getty-images-and-other-content-as-copyright-concerns-loom", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (revenue share, ~50/50 between Bria and data owners)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:getty-images-bria-ai", "name": "Getty Images licensed to Bria AI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "year", "_org_roles": { "Bria AI": [ "licensee" ], "Getty Images": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media-buying/startup-debuts-new-ai-models-trained-on-getty-images-and-other-content-as-copyright-concerns-loom", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898496/000162828025013103/gety-20241231.htm" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media-buying/startup-debuts-new-ai-models-trained-on-getty-images-and-other-content-as-copyright-concerns-loom" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-06-21", "content_type": "images", "covers_training": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Getty Images", "note": "Display agreement: Getty's licensed libraries appear in OpenAI search and discovery experiences inside ChatGPT. The release describes display use only and says nothing about model training, so covers_training is false on the stated scope. No fee disclosed; independent coverage (Engadget, PetaPixel, AI Business, 2026-06-22/23) reported the deal and a Getty share jump, not a price.", "orgs": [ "Getty Images", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: the deal is filed, with no terms stated. Filings read: Getty Images Holdings, Inc. 8-K exhibit 99.1 2026-06-22 (press release dated 2026-06-21). Party-filed confirmation that the deal exists and is multi-year and display-only (not a training licence), with no fee. Getty's only quantified AI-licensing disclosure remains the aggregate Other revenue line already captured in the earlier round.", "term": "multi-year", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from sec.gov: Party-filed confirmation that the deal exists and is multi-year and display-only (not a training licence), with no fee. Getty's only quantified AI-licensing disclosure remains the aggregate Other revenue line already captured in the earlier round.", "url": "https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-announces-display-partnership-with-openai", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:getty-images-openai", "name": "Getty Images licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Getty Images": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "newsroom.gettyimages.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-announces-display-partnership-with-openai", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898496/000121390026070706/ea029548101ex99-1.htm" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-announces-display-partnership-with-openai" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-10-31", "content_type": "images", "covers_training": false, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Perplexity AI", "licensor": "Getty Images", "note": "IMPORTANT NEGATIVE: this is a display and attribution licence delivered through Getty's API, NOT a training licence. Reporting is explicit that Perplexity may not train on Getty data. Included to distinguish inference/RAG licences from training licences. No value disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Getty Images", "Perplexity AI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed in every primary filing checked (2026-09-17). Checked: Getty Images 10-K FY2025 and 10-Q Q1 2026; neither names Perplexity. Getty reports data access and licensing only inside Other revenue, which rose $14.3M in 2025 'primarily driven by data access and/or licensing agreements', and the Q1 2026 10-Q cites an unnamed 'significant multi-year licensing agreement'. No per-licensee figure.", "term": "multi-year (length not stated)", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: no party filing states a per-licensee figure", "url": "https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-and-perplexity-strike-multi-year-image-partnership", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:getty-images-perplexity-ai", "name": "Getty Images licensed to Perplexity AI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Getty Images": [ "licensor" ], "Perplexity AI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "newsroom.gettyimages.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-and-perplexity-strike-multi-year-image-partnership", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898496/000162828026018160/gety-20251231.htm" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://newsroom.gettyimages.com/en/getty-images/getty-images-and-perplexity-strike-multi-year-image-partnership" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-06-13", "content_type": "images", "covers_training": true, "licensee": "Picsart", "licensor": "Getty Images", "note": "Picsart's PAIR lab builds a model from scratch on Getty's licensed creative library. Getty CPO Grant Farhall said explicitly it 'isn't a deal where there's a one-time fee for using our content', i.e. recurring payments, but no figure given. Contributor compensation mechanism promised but not detailed. Announcement dates cited as 2024-06-13 (Business Wire) and 2024-06-14 (Digiday).", "orgs": [ "Getty Images", "Picsart" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed in every primary filing checked (2026-09-17). Checked: Getty Images Q2 2024 results 8-K exhibit (the quarter the deal was announced) and 10-K FY2024 and FY2025; no Picsart figure anywhere. Data licensing is reported only inside aggregate Other revenue.", "term": "unknown (recurring, not a one-time fee)", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: no party filing states a per-licensee figure", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/why-getty-images-and-picsart-are-partnering-to-train-a-new-ai-image-model", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:getty-images-picsart", "name": "Getty Images licensed to Picsart", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Getty Images": [ "licensor" ], "Picsart": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1898496/000162828024036345/gety-20240630xex991.htm", "https://digiday.com/media/why-getty-images-and-picsart-are-partnering-to-train-a-new-ai-image-model" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/why-getty-images-and-picsart-are-partnering-to-train-a-new-ai-image-model" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-12-10", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Google", "licensor": "Google publisher pilot group", "licensor_full": "Google publisher pilot group (The Guardian, The Washington Post, Financial Times, Der Spiegel, El Pais and others)", "note": "Google's first broad paid publisher pilot, roughly twenty publishers, combining cash payments, API access and extended display rights in AI surfaces. Explicitly a pilot, so term and permanence are unknown, and no per-publisher amounts have been reported. Press Gazette describes the same programme.", "orgs": [ "Google publisher pilot group", "Google" ], "status": "active", "term": "unknown (pilot)", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (cash payments confirmed, amounts not)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:google-publisher-pilot-google", "name": "Google publisher pilot group licensed to Google", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Google": [ "licensee" ], "Google publisher pilot group": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-tech-companies-in-2025" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-02-14", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Guardian Media Group", "note": "Guardian reporting and archive journalism available as a news source in ChatGPT with attributed short summaries and extracts; The Guardian receives compensation and rolls out ChatGPT Enterprise internally. Value and term undisclosed. The announcement does not say whether content may be used to train models. Context worth recording: announced one day after Guardian Media Group joined a group lawsui", "orgs": [ "Guardian Media Group", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/guardian-openai", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:guardian-openai", "name": "Guardian Media Group licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Guardian Media Group": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "pressgazette.co.uk" ], "source_urls": [ "https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/guardian-openai" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/guardian-openai" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-11-19", "content_type": "books", "covers_training": true, "licensee": "Microsoft", "licensor": "HarperCollins", "note": "The first publicly known PER-UNIT price for training data in trade publishing, which makes it the most quotable benchmark in this set. Important caveat: the Authors Guild statement of 2024-11-19 that I read does NOT name the AI company; Microsoft was identified in subsequent reporting, and HarperCollins did not confirm it in the original announcement. Structure: opt-in per author via a separate ag", "orgs": [ "HarperCollins", "Microsoft" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "HarperCollins' own statement says it was required to keep the counterparty's identity confidential, so Microsoft is not supported by contemporaneous primary sources. The three-year term matches. The price is consistent: $5,000 per title gross with a 50/50 split is the $2,500 to the author reported at the time.", "term": "3 years (as reported)", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from theguardian.com: counterparty not supported by primary sources", "url": "https://authorsguild.org/news/harpercollins-ai-licensing-deal", "value_confirmed_by": "press only", "value_usd": { "availability": "listed", "basis": "per-title", "currency": "USD", "kind": "point", "max": 5000, "min": 5000, "note": null, "raw": "$5,000 per title, split 50/50 between author and publisher" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:harpercollins-microsoft", "name": "HarperCollins licensed to Microsoft", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_claimed_note": "The first publicly known PER-UNIT price for training data in trade publishing, which makes it the most quotable benchmark in this set. Important caveat: the Authors Guild statement of 2024-11-19 that I read does NOT name the AI company; Microsoft was identified in subsequent reporting, and HarperCollins did not confirm it in the original announcement. Structure: opt-in per author via a separate ag", "_disputes": [ { "checked": "2026-09-17", "claim": "licensed to Microsoft", "field": "note", "reason": "HarperCollins' own statement says it was required to keep the counterparty confidential; Microsoft appears in no contemporaneous primary source. Term and price are consistent with the record." } ], "_org_roles": { "HarperCollins": [ "licensor" ], "Microsoft": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "authorsguild.org", "theguardian.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/nov/19/harpercollins-tech-firms-books-train-ai-models-nonfiction-artificial-intelligence", "https://authorsguild.org/news/harpercollins-ai-licensing-deal" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [ "disputed" ], "grade": "C", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://authorsguild.org/news/harpercollins-ai-licensing-deal" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-10-08", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Hearst", "note": "Covers 20+ magazine brands (Esquire, Cosmopolitan, ELLE, Runner's World, Women's Health) and 40+ newspapers (Houston Chronicle, San Francisco Chronicle). Explicitly EXCLUDES Hearst's television channels and stations and its other non-publishing businesses. No financial terms disclosed; trade reporting suggested compensation includes both cash and OpenAI technology credits, which is unconfirmed.", "orgs": [ "Hearst", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.pymnts.com/artificial-intelligence-2/2024/openai-products-to-integrate-hearst-newspaper-and-magazine-content", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:hearst-openai", "name": "Hearst licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Hearst": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "pymnts.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.pymnts.com/artificial-intelligence-2/2024/openai-products-to-integrate-hearst-newspaper-and-magazine-content" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.pymnts.com/artificial-intelligence-2/2024/openai-products-to-integrate-hearst-newspaper-and-magazine-content" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-07", "content_type": "video", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Moonvalley", "licensor": "Independent filmmakers and footage agencies", "licensor_full": "Independent filmmakers and footage agencies (names not disclosed)", "note": "Aggregate rather than a single counterparty deal. Moonvalley says roughly 80% of the training data for its Marey model was licensed B-roll and footage from independent filmmakers and agencies who were compensated, with the remainder from other licensed sources. Counterparties, per-clip rates and total spend are not disclosed, and the 80% figure is the company's own claim, not independently audited", "orgs": [ "Independent filmmakers and footage agencies", "Moonvalley" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/07/08/moonvalleys-ethical-ai-video-model-for-filmmakers-is-now-publicly-available", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (creators paid for licensed footage; rates not published)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:independent-filmmakers-and-footage-agencies-moonvalley", "name": "Independent filmmakers and footage agencies licensed to Moonvalley", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "month", "_org_roles": { "Independent filmmakers and footage agencies": [ "licensor" ], "Moonvalley": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "techcrunch.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://techcrunch.com/2025/07/08/moonvalleys-ethical-ai-video-model-for-filmmakers-is-now-publicly-available" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/07/08/moonvalleys-ethical-ai-video-model-for-filmmakers-is-now-publicly-available" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-09-11", "content_type": "academic", "covers_training": false, "licensee": "Cashmere", "licensor": "IOP Publishing", "note": "IOPP book and journal content licensed for AI inference use cases through Cashmere's infrastructure, explicitly protected from LLM training use and tracked per use. Cashmere is an intermediary; end AI buyers not named. No fee disclosed.", "orgs": [ "IOP Publishing", "Cashmere" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.researchinformation.info/news/iop-publishing-partners-with-cashmere-to-license-research-content-for-ai-use", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:iop-publishing-cashmere", "name": "IOP Publishing licensed to Cashmere", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Cashmere": [ "licensee" ], "IOP Publishing": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "researchinformation.info" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.researchinformation.info/news/iop-publishing-partners-with-cashmere-to-license-research-content-for-ai-use" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.researchinformation.info/news/iop-publishing-partners-with-cashmere-to-license-research-content-for-ai-use" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-08-05", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "ElevenLabs", "licensor": "Kobalt Music Group", "note": "Billboard reported, from sources rather than the parties, a precedent-setting 50/50 split between publishing and recorded-music revenues for works used to train and generate AI music, and an MFN clause that auto-upgrades Kobalt's rates if any other rightsholder gets better terms. Split percentages are reported terms, not a disclosed dollar value. Kobalt signees opt in.", "orgs": [ "Kobalt Music Group", "ElevenLabs" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/elevenlabs-ai-music-model-merlin-kobalt-licenses-details", "value_note": "a figure was reported but it is not a licence fee paid to the licensor: undisclosed (reported 50/50 split of revenue between publishing and recorded music, plus a most-favoured-nation clause)", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:kobalt-music-elevenlabs", "name": "Kobalt Music Group licensed to ElevenLabs", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "ElevenLabs": [ "licensee" ], "Kobalt Music Group": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "billboard.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.billboard.com/pro/elevenlabs-ai-music-model-merlin-kobalt-licenses-details" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/elevenlabs-ai-music-model-merlin-kobalt-licenses-details" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-08-13", "content_type": "music", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Spotify", "licensor": "Kobalt Music Group", "note": "Publishing side of the same Spotify AI covers and remixes feature, completing the UMG plus Merlin plus Kobalt set. Described as grounded in consent, credit and compensation for participating songwriters. No explicit training grant stated, no value disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Kobalt Music Group", "Spotify" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-08-13/kobalt-spotify-licensing-agreements-fan-made-covers-remixes", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:kobalt-music-spotify", "name": "Kobalt Music Group licensed to Spotify", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Kobalt Music Group": [ "licensor" ], "Spotify": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "newsroom.spotify.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-08-13/kobalt-spotify-licensing-agreements-fan-made-covers-remixes" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-08-13/kobalt-spotify-licensing-agreements-fan-made-covers-remixes" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-04-09", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Udio", "licensor": "Kobalt Music Group", "note": "Publishing-side deal, Udio's fourth music-industry agreement. Kobalt songwriters opt in for their compositions to be used in training and generation. Reported as subject to regulatory approval and expected to finalise in H2 2026, so status is 'reported' rather than 'active'. No value disclosed. Some secondary coverage attributes a 50/50 recording-versus-publishing split and an MFN clause to this d", "orgs": [ "Kobalt Music Group", "Udio" ], "status": "reported", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/after-universal-warner-and-merlin-deals-now-udio-inks-licensing-agreement-with-kobalt", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:kobalt-music-udio", "name": "Kobalt Music Group licensed to Udio", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Kobalt Music Group": [ "licensor" ], "Udio": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "musicbusinessworldwide.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/after-universal-warner-and-merlin-deals-now-udio-inks-licensing-agreement-with-kobalt" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "low", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "D", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/after-universal-warner-and-merlin-deals-now-udio-inks-licensing-agreement-with-kobalt" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-03-13", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Le Monde", "note": "Announced jointly with Prisa Media as OpenAI's first non-English European publisher deals. OpenAI's own wording says the partnerships let users engage with recent-events content AND 'contribute to the training of OpenAI's models', so training is explicit. Financial details explicitly not disclosed. Term not stated in the announcement; Digiday's timeline describes it as multi-year.", "orgs": [ "Le Monde", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/openai-partners-with-le-monde-and-prisa-media-to-bring-news-content-to-chatgpt", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:le-monde-openai", "name": "Le Monde licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Le Monde": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "public", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-corroborate", "source_hosts": [ "maginative.com", "openai.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.maginative.com/article/openai-partners-with-le-monde-and-prisa-media-to-bring-news-content-to-chatgpt", "https://openai.com/index/global-news-partnerships-le-monde-and-prisa-media" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/openai-partners-with-le-monde-and-prisa-media-to-bring-news-content-to-chatgpt" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-09-18", "content_type": "video", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": true, "licensee": "Runway", "licensor": "Lionsgate", "note": "First deal between a major Hollywood studio and an AI video company. Runway trains a custom model on Lionsgate's library of 20,000+ film and TV titles; the resulting model is exclusive to Lionsgate, but the licence does not make Runway exclusive to Lionsgate. No value disclosed. TheWrap later reported the deal ran into problems over model capability, Lionsgate's own chain-of-title in its library,", "orgs": [ "Lionsgate", "Runway" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed in every primary filing checked (2026-09-17). Lionsgate Studios' 10-K/A (2025-07-29) and the parallel Starz 10-K/A describe the Runway partnership (custom model trained on Lionsgate film and TV content) only as an executive achievement, with no financial terms.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: no party filing states a figure", "url": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/lionsgate-deal-ai-firm-runway-1236005554", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:lionsgate-runway", "name": "Lionsgate licensed to Runway", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Lionsgate": [ "licensor" ], "Runway": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "hollywoodreporter.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2052959/000119312525167991/d15120d10ka.htm", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/lionsgate-deal-ai-firm-runway-1236005554" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/lionsgate-deal-ai-firm-runway-1236005554" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-08-05", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "ElevenLabs", "licensor": "Merlin", "note": "Signed BEFORE litigation, unlike Suno and Udio. Merlin's roughly 30,000 independent labels and distributors can opt in to have works used in AI training in exchange for royalties. Powers a forthcoming 'Eleven Music Pro' model; the launch Eleven Music model was trained on licensed production music. No dollar value disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Merlin", "ElevenLabs" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/elevenlabs-ai-music-model-merlin-kobalt-licenses-details", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (royalty-bearing)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:merlin-elevenlabs", "name": "Merlin licensed to ElevenLabs", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "ElevenLabs": [ "licensee" ], "Merlin": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "billboard.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.billboard.com/pro/elevenlabs-ai-music-model-merlin-kobalt-licenses-details" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/elevenlabs-ai-music-model-merlin-kobalt-licenses-details" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-08-04", "content_type": "music", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Spotify", "licensor": "Merlin", "note": "Independent-label side of Spotify's AI covers and remixes licensing. Same caveat as the UMG entry: announced as a feature licence with opt-in participation and payment on use, with no explicit training grant stated. No value disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Merlin", "Spotify" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-08-04/merlin-spotify-licensing-agreements-fan-made-covers-remixes", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:merlin-spotify", "name": "Merlin licensed to Spotify", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Merlin": [ "licensor" ], "Spotify": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "newsroom.spotify.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-08-04/merlin-spotify-licensing-agreements-fan-made-covers-remixes" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-08-04/merlin-spotify-licensing-agreements-fan-made-covers-remixes" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-01-20", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Udio", "licensor": "Merlin", "note": "Merlin represents independent labels and distributors across 70+ countries. Members choose on an opt-in basis whether their recordings enter Udio's training data; fees flow back to participating labels and artists. No dollar value, no term, no per-track rate disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Merlin", "Udio" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/udio-strikes-ai-licensing-deal-with-merlin-after-umg-and-warner-music-settlements", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:merlin-udio", "name": "Merlin licensed to Udio", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Merlin": [ "licensor" ], "Udio": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "musicbusinessworldwide.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/udio-strikes-ai-licensing-deal-with-merlin-after-umg-and-warner-music-settlements" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/udio-strikes-ai-licensing-deal-with-merlin-after-umg-and-warner-music-settlements" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-12-05", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Meta", "licensor": "Meta publisher group", "licensor_full": "Meta publisher group (CNN, Fox News, Fox Sports, People Inc., USA Today Co., Le Monde Group, The Daily Caller, Washington Examiner)", "note": "Seven simultaneous deals, Meta's first real move into publisher licensing. Digiday named only four publishers; the remaining names come from other coverage of the same announcement, so the full roster is lower confidence than the four. New AND archival content goes into Llama, which makes this explicitly a training deal, plus real-time linking in the Meta AI chatbot. All parties refused to disclos", "orgs": [ "Meta publisher group", "Meta" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed for the one listed participant checked (2026-09-17). IAC's Q4 2025 results (8-K exhibit, 2026-02-03) confirm People Inc.'s 2025-12-05 content partnership with Meta AI but give no amount.", "term": "multi-year (length not stated)", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: listed participant confirms the partnership, not a figure", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/meta-enters-ai-licensing-fray-striking-deals-with-people-inc-usa-today-co-and-more", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:meta-publisher-meta", "name": "Meta publisher group licensed to Meta", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Meta": [ "licensee" ], "Meta publisher group": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1800227/000162828026004988/ex_991q42025iac-pressrelea.htm", "https://digiday.com/media/meta-enters-ai-licensing-fray-striking-deals-with-people-inc-usa-today-co-and-more" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/meta-enters-ai-licensing-fray-striking-deals-with-people-inc-usa-today-co-and-more" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-10-01", "content_type": "news", "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Microsoft", "licensor": "Microsoft Copilot Daily publisher group", "licensor_full": "Microsoft Copilot Daily publisher group (Financial Times, Reuters, Axel Springer, Hearst Magazines, USA Today Network)", "note": "Five separate licensors announced together for the Copilot Daily news summary feature; no individual terms were broken out and no values were disclosed. This is a display/summarisation deal, not a stated training deal. Recorded as one group record because the reporting does not separate the agreements.", "orgs": [ "Microsoft Copilot Daily publisher group", "Microsoft" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:microsoft-copilot-daily-publisher-microsoft", "name": "Microsoft Copilot Daily publisher group licensed to Microsoft", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Microsoft": [ "licensee" ], "Microsoft Copilot Daily publisher group": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-06-10", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "KLAY Vision", "licensor": "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers", "note": "Companion template deal to the NMPA-Udio pact. Klay is one of very few AI music companies that licensed before launching; its Large Music Model is stated to be trained entirely on licensed music. Launch reported for summer 2026. No value disclosed.", "orgs": [ "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers", "KLAY Vision" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/nmpa-ai-licensing-deals-udio-klay", "value_note": "a figure was reported but it is not a licence fee paid to the licensor: undisclosed (revenue split equally between the song and the sound recording)", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:national-music-publishers-association-member-publishers-klay-vision", "name": "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers licensed to KLAY Vision", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "KLAY Vision": [ "licensee" ], "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "billboard.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.billboard.com/pro/nmpa-ai-licensing-deals-udio-klay" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/nmpa-ai-licensing-deals-udio-klay" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-06-10", "content_type": "music", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Udio", "licensor": "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers", "note": "First industry-wide licensing pact between US music publishers and a major AI music company, and the first to value songs and sound recordings EQUALLY for AI training. Structured as a template agreement independent publishers can opt into, not a single negotiated contract, so there is no headline value. Announced at NMPA's annual meeting.", "orgs": [ "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers", "Udio" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/nmpa-ai-licensing-deals-udio-klay", "value_note": "a figure was reported but it is not a licence fee paid to the licensor: undisclosed (revenue split equally between the song and the sound recording)", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:national-music-publishers-association-member-publishers-udio", "name": "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers licensed to Udio", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "National Music Publishers' Association (NMPA) member publishers": [ "licensor" ], "Udio": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "billboard.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.billboard.com/pro/nmpa-ai-licensing-deals-udio-klay" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.billboard.com/pro/nmpa-ai-licensing-deals-udio-klay" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2025-05-29", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Amazon", "licensor": "The New York Times", "note": "Announced May 2025 with terms withheld; the $20M-$25M annual range surfaced in WSJ reporting around 2025-07-31. Outlets headlined either end of the same single WSJ range, which is a framing difference rather than two independent figures, so conflict is false. Neither Amazon nor the NYT confirmed the number. Covers news, NYT Cooking and The Athletic, used for Alexa and other Amazon AI products incl", "orgs": [ "The New York Times", "Amazon" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: no per-deal figure; the party discloses only an aggregate. Filings read: The New York Times Company 10-K FY2025; The New York Times Company EDGAR full-text search, all forms 2025-01-01 to 2026-09-18; Amazon.com, Inc. EDGAR full-text search 10-K/10-Q/8-K 2024-01-01 to 2026-09-18. The registry's $20M to $25M per year is Wall Street Journal reporting from unnamed sources. NYT's own FY2025 10-K puts total licensing growth at $14.4M for the whole year across all platform deals (which also include the Amazon deal's first full year), which is smaller than the low end of the reported per-year range, so the reported figure is not supported by, and sits uneasily with, the party's own aggregate.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from sec.gov: The registry's $20M to $25M per year is Wall Street Journal reporting from unnamed sources. NYT's own FY2025 10-K puts total licensing growth at $14.4M for the whole year across all platform deals (which also include the Amazon deal's first full year), which is smaller than the low end of the report", "url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/amazon-new-york-times-licensing-deal-ai-training", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": null }, "id": "licensing_deal:new-york-times-amazon", "name": "The New York Times licensed to Amazon", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_claimed_value_usd": { "availability": "listed", "basis": "per-year", "currency": "USD", "kind": "range", "max": 25000000, "min": 20000000, "note": null, "raw": "$20M to $25M per year (as reported by the Wall Street Journal)" }, "_disputes": [ { "checked": "2026-09-18", "claim": "$20M to $25M per year, from Wall Street Journal reporting attributed to unnamed people", "field": "value_usd", "reason": "No party has stated it. The New York Times Company's FY2025 10-K reports higher licensing revenue of $14.4 million for the whole year across all third-party platform agreements, which is below the low end of the reported range for this one deal, and no NYT 10-K, 10-Q or 8-K since 2023 contains the word Amazon (EDGAR full-text search, 0 hits in 2024 to 2026). Not a flat contradiction, since expiring licences could offset new ones, but the figure has no party support and does not sit inside the disclosed aggregate." } ], "_org_roles": { "Amazon": [ "licensee" ], "The New York Times": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "eweek.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.eweek.com/news/amazon-new-york-times-licensing-deal-ai-training", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/71691/000007169126000011/nyt-20251231.htm" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [ "disputed" ], "grade": "C", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/amazon-new-york-times-licensing-deal-ai-training" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-03", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Meta", "licensor": "News Corp", "note": "Reported early March 2026, sourced back to New York Post / WSJ reporting rather than a joint press release with figures. 'Up to $50M a year' is a cap, not a guaranteed payment. Covers News Corp US and UK titles, with archive content available for training and newer content for retrieval. Marked status 'reported' because neither party published the terms.", "orgs": [ "News Corp", "Meta" ], "status": "reported", "status_note": "News Corp's own SEC-filed fiscal 2026 results release (8-K, 2026-08-05) confirms 'trusted content relationships with OpenAI and Meta' but states no figure; its 10-K FY2026 and the Q2 and Q3 FY2026 releases also give none. The 'up to $50M per year' cap remains press reporting (New York Post / WSJ), not a party disclosure.", "term": "at least 3 years", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: party confirms the relationship, not the figure", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google", "value_confirmed_by": "press only", "value_usd": { "availability": "listed", "basis": "per-year", "currency": "USD", "kind": "cap", "max": 50000000, "min": null, "note": null, "raw": "up to $50M per year (as reported)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:news-meta", "name": "News Corp licensed to Meta", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "month", "_org_roles": { "Meta": [ "licensee" ], "News Corp": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "pressgazette.co.uk", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564708/000156470826000171/release-q4fy2026.htm", "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-05-22", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "News Corp", "note": "The $250M figure originated with a Wall Street Journal report that the deal 'could be worth more than $250 million over five years'. News Corp and OpenAI did not confirm a precise number in the joint announcement. Covers WSJ, Barron's, MarketWatch, New York Post, The Times, The Sun, The Australian and Australian regionals. Excludes News Corp businesses outside the named mastheads (e.g. Foxtel, REA", "orgs": [ "News Corp", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "News Corp's own SEC-filed FY2024 results describe the partnership as multi-year and expected to be lucrative but state NO figure. The $250M+ over five years remains a single-source press report, not confirmed by either party.", "term": "5 years", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: no party states a figure", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies", "value_confirmed_by": "press only", "value_usd": { "availability": "listed", "basis": null, "currency": "USD", "kind": "floor", "max": null, "min": 250000000, "note": null, "raw": "$250M+ over 5 years (as reported)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:news-openai", "name": "News Corp licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "News Corp": [ "licensor" ], "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "digiday.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564708/000156470824000390/release-q4fy2024.htm" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://digiday.com/media/2024-in-review-a-timeline-of-the-major-deals-between-publishers-and-ai-companies" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-07-28", "content_type": "news", "licensee": "Meta", "licensor": "Newsmax", "note": "AI content partnership adding Newsmax news to Meta AI, following Meta's December 2025 publisher group. Party release exists at ir.newsmax.com (2026-07-28, 'Newsmax and Meta Enter AI Content Partnership') but returned 403 and was not read; whether the licence covers training is not stated, so covers_training is null. No fee disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Newsmax", "Meta" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/416899/meta-forges-ai-content-deal-with-newsmax.html", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:newsmax-meta", "name": "Newsmax licensed to Meta", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Meta": [ "licensee" ], "Newsmax": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "mediapost.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/416899/meta-forges-ai-content-deal-with-newsmax.html" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.7, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/416899/meta-forges-ai-content-deal-with-newsmax.html" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-07-03", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": false, "licensee": "Microsoft", "licensor": "Nine Entertainment", "note": "Copilot may reference the text of Nine mastheads (The Australian Financial Review, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age, Brisbane Times) beyond paywalled previews to ground AI answers, with attribution and links. Microsoft's first such deal in Asia Pacific. Grounding, not training: covers_training false on stated scope. No fee disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Nine Entertainment", "Microsoft" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/asia/2026/07/03/nine-microsoft-copilot-agreement", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:nine-entertainment-microsoft", "name": "Nine Entertainment licensed to Microsoft", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Microsoft": [ "licensee" ], "Nine Entertainment": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "news.microsoft.com", "pressgazette.co.uk" ], "source_urls": [ "https://news.microsoft.com/source/asia/2026/07/03/nine-microsoft-copilot-agreement", "https://pressgazette.co.uk/platforms/news-publisher-ai-deals-lawsuits-openai-google" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/asia/2026/07/03/nine-microsoft-copilot-agreement" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-08", "content_type": "academic", "covers_training": true, "licensee": null, "licensor": "Oxford University Press", "note": "WEAKEST RECORD IN THIS SET, included only because OUP is a named target and because leaving it out would imply nothing happened. OUP confirmed in August 2024 that it is 'actively working with' companies developing large language models, and The Bookseller headlined it as a confirmed AI partnership, but NO counterparty, value, term or signing date has ever been made public. Status is 'reported' rat", "orgs": [ "Oxford University Press" ], "status": "reported", "status_note": "Still undisclosed (checked 2026-09-17). OUP's Annual Report 2023/24 discusses generative AI adoption and product features but contains no AI licensing revenue line, no counterparty and no amount.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from corp.oup.com: no party figure", "url": "https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2024/08/05/oxford-university-press-actively-working-ai-companies", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:oxford-university-press-undisclosed", "name": "Oxford University Press licensed to ?", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "month", "_org_roles": { "Oxford University Press": [ "licensor" ] }, "_orgs_dropped": [ "undisclosed" ] }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "corp.oup.com", "insidehighered.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://corp.oup.com/annual-report-2023-24", "https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2024/08/05/oxford-university-press-actively-working-ai-companies" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.7, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "B", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2024/08/05/oxford-university-press-actively-working-ai-companies" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-04", "content_type": "images", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": null, "licensor": "Photobucket", "note": "UNCONFIRMED: CEO Ted Leonard told Reuters he was in talks with multiple tech companies over 13 billion photos and videos; he declined to name buyers and no signed agreement was announced. Rates quoted are asking prices, not contracted values. Photobucket changed its terms of service in October 2023 to claim unrestricted rights to sell uploaded content for AI training, and was sued in a proposed cl", "orgs": [ "Photobucket" ], "status": "reported", "url": "https://petapixel.com/2024/04/08/photobucket-is-in-negotiations-with-ai-companies-to-licence-13-billion-images", "value_note": "a figure was reported but it is not a licence fee paid to the licensor: reported asking rates of $0.05-$1.00 per photo and over $1.00 per video; no deal value reported", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:photobucket-undisclosed-ai-companies", "name": "Photobucket licensed to ?", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "month", "_org_roles": { "Photobucket": [ "licensor" ] }, "_orgs_dropped": [ "undisclosed AI companies" ] }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-16", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "petapixel.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://petapixel.com/2024/04/08/photobucket-is-in-negotiations-with-ai-companies-to-licence-13-billion-images" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 2, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "low", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "D", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://petapixel.com/2024/04/08/photobucket-is-in-negotiations-with-ai-companies-to-licence-13-billion-images" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2026-08-03", "content_type": "books", "covers_training": false, "licensee": "Cashmere", "licensor": "Princeton University Press", "note": "Digital licensing partnership making PUP's book catalogue available to AI research platforms through Cashmere, primarily RAG licensing. Cashmere keeps a 'no-LLM-training' commitment, so covers_training is false. PUP decides what is licensed and on what terms. Cashmere is an intermediary: the end AI buyers are not named.", "orgs": [ "Princeton University Press", "Cashmere" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://press.princeton.edu/news/cashmere", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:princeton-university-press-cashmere", "name": "Princeton University Press licensed to Cashmere", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Cashmere": [ "licensee" ], "Princeton University Press": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-17", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-mine", "source_hosts": [ "press.princeton.edu" ], "source_urls": [ "https://press.princeton.edu/news/cashmere" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.8, "confidence": "medium", "corroborated": false, "flags": [ "single-source" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 1, "independent_hosts": 1, "sources": 1, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://press.princeton.edu/news/cashmere" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-03-13", "content_type": "news", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Prisa Media", "note": "Covers El Pais, Cinco Dias and El HuffPost. Announced the same day as the Le Monde deal and on the same terms language; recorded separately because Prisa is an unrelated licensor. Training is explicit in OpenAI's wording. Values and term not disclosed.", "orgs": [ "Prisa Media", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/openai-partners-with-le-monde-and-prisa-media-to-bring-news-content-to-chatgpt", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": null, "currency": null, "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:prisa-openai", "name": "Prisa Media licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ], "Prisa Media": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "public", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-corroborate", "source_hosts": [ "maginative.com", "openai.com" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.maginative.com/article/openai-partners-with-le-monde-and-prisa-media-to-bring-news-content-to-chatgpt", "https://openai.com/index/global-news-partnerships-le-monde-and-prisa-media" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 2, "independent_hosts": 2, "sources": 2, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/openai-partners-with-le-monde-and-prisa-media-to-bring-news-content-to-chatgpt" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-02-22", "content_type": "forum", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "Google", "licensor": "Reddit", "note": "Both companies confirmed the partnership; the $60M figure came from press reporting around Reddit's IPO filing, not from a joint disclosure, and CBS/AP reported it as $60 million while later reporting consistently treats it as $60M PER YEAR. Grants Google use of Reddit posts for AI model training and for improving Search; Reddit gets access to Google AI models. As of 2026 Reddit was publicly repor", "orgs": [ "Reddit", "Google" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Deal-value provenance, checked 2026-09-18: no per-deal figure; the party discloses only an aggregate. Filings read: Reddit, Inc. 424B4 (IPO prospectus) 2024-03-21; Reddit, Inc. 10-K FY2025. Closest thing in the whole registry to a party-side number for this deal: Reddit's own IPO prospectus books $203.0M of aggregate contract value signed in January 2024, with at least $66.4M to be recognised in 2024. That is consistent with, but broader than, the reported $60M per year for Google, because it covers every arrangement signed that month. It remains an aggregate, not a confirmation.", "term": "unknown (reported to be expiring around 2026)", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-18 from sec.gov: Closest thing in the whole registry to a party-side number for this deal: Reddit's own IPO prospectus books $203.0M of aggregate contract value signed in January 2024, with at least $66.4M to be recognised in 2024. That is consistent with, but broader than, the reported $60M per year for Google, bec", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-reddit-60-million-deal-ai-training", "value_confirmed_by": "none: no party has stated a per-deal figure in any filing checked", "value_usd": { "availability": "listed", "basis": "per-year", "currency": "USD", "kind": "point", "max": 60000000, "min": 60000000, "note": null, "raw": "$60M per year (as reported)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:reddit-google", "name": "Reddit licensed to Google", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "Google": [ "licensee" ], "Reddit": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-18", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "blog.google", "cbsnews.com", "cnbc.com", "sec.gov" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-reddit-60-million-deal-ai-training", "https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/expanded-reddit-partnership", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1713445/000162828024012380/reddit-final424b4.htm", "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/07/22/reddit-stock-google-ai-content-deal.html" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 0, "completeness": 1, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [], "grade": "A", "hosts": 4, "independent_hosts": 4, "sources": 4, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/google-reddit-60-million-deal-ai-training" }, { "fields": { "announced": "2024-05-16", "content_type": "forum", "covers_training": true, "exclusive": false, "licensee": "OpenAI", "licensor": "Reddit", "note": "The deal is confirmed; the VALUE is not. The ~$70M figure is arithmetic, not a disclosure: Reddit said AI licensing was about 10% of its $1.3B 2024 revenue (~$130M), Google's share is reported at $60M, and the remainder was attributed to OpenAI on the assumption that there were only two licensing partners. Neither Reddit nor OpenAI confirmed it. value_usd is therefore recorded as undisclosed with", "orgs": [ "Reddit", "OpenAI" ], "status": "active", "status_note": "Still undisclosed in every primary filing checked (2026-09-17). Checked: Reddit Q2 2024 shareholder letter (8-K, names OpenAI as a new data licensing partner, no figure), 10-K FY2024 and FY2025, 10-Qs through Q2 2026. Reddit reports content licensing only inside Other revenue: $15.2M (2023), $114.7M (2024), $140.0M (2025), across all licensees. The ~$70M per year for OpenAI is Adweek arithmetic, not a disclosure.", "update_note": "updated 2026-09-17 from sec.gov: no party states a figure; only aggregate Other revenue is filed", "url": "https://searchengineland.com/openai-may-pay-reddit-70m-for-licensing-deal-451882", "value_confirmed_by": "press only", "value_conflict": "https://searchengineland.com/openai-may-pay-reddit-70m-for-licensing-deal-451882 says Reports OpenAI 'may pay' Reddit $70M, framed as a talks-stage figure rather than a signed value; https://tech.slashdot.org/story/25/02/14/0019213/ai-licensing-deals-with-google-and-openai-make-up-10-of-reddits-revenue says Reddit's Google and OpenAI AI licensing deals together make up about 10% of ~$1.3B revenue,", "value_usd": { "availability": "undisclosed", "basis": "per-year", "currency": "USD", "kind": "none", "max": null, "min": null, "note": "source states the value was not disclosed", "raw": "undisclosed (estimated at ~$70M per year by Adweek, derived arithmetic)" } }, "id": "licensing_deal:reddit-openai", "name": "Reddit licensed to OpenAI", "notes": { "_announced_precision": "day", "_org_roles": { "OpenAI": [ "licensee" ], "Reddit": [ "licensor" ] } }, "provenance": { "consent_license": "third-party-derived", "first_seen": "2026-09-16", "last_seen": "2026-09-17", "method": "refinery-update", "source_hosts": [ "cjr.org", "searchengineland.com", "sec.gov", "tech.slashdot.org" ], "source_urls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1713445/000171344526000022/rddt-20251231.htm", "https://tech.slashdot.org/story/25/02/14/0019213/ai-licensing-deals-with-google-and-openai-make-up-10-of-reddits-revenue", "https://www.cjr.org/analysis/reddit-winning-ai-licensing-deals-openai-google-gemini-answers-rsl.php", "https://searchengineland.com/openai-may-pay-reddit-70m-for-licensing-deal-451882" ] }, "quality": { "age_days": 1, "completeness": 0.9, "confidence": "high", "corroborated": true, "flags": [ "conflicted" ], "grade": "B", "hosts": 4, "independent_hosts": 4, "sources": 4, "stale": false, "stale_after_days": 180 }, "type": "licensing_deal", "url": "https://searchengineland.com/openai-may-pay-reddit-70m-for-licensing-deal-451882" } ], "_meta": { "source": "Blomega Data Refinery", "url": "https://data.blomega.com", "publisher": "Blomega", "publisher_url": "https://blomegalab.com", "wikidata": "Q141048865", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "cite_as": "Blomega Data Refinery (https://data.blomega.com), CC BY 4.0. Cite the registry and the record id.", "attribution_required": true } }